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Estimation of LNAPL saturation in fine sand using time-domain reflectometry

In English

Författare

Summary, in English

Recently, substantial progress has been made in detection and observation of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in the subsurface using different experimental techniques. However, there is still a lack of appropriate direct methods to measure the saturation of NAPL theta(NAPL)). This paper provides a guide for estimating theta(NAPL) and water content (theta(a)) in unsaturated and saturated sand based on direct measurements of soil dielectric constant (K-a) and electrical conductivity (sigma(a)) using time domain reflectometry (TDR). The results show that the previously used dielectric mixing model fails to predict, theta(NAPL) in the case of a four-phase system. A new methodology is suggested and exemplified by showing that the measured K-a gives accurate estimation of theta(NAPL) for a three-phase system while in a four-phase system, both sigma(a) and K-a need to be measured. The results show that using the suggested methodology, accurate predictions of theta(w) (R-2 = 0.9998) and theta(NAPL) lower than 0.20 m(3) m(-3) (average R-2 = 0.9756) are possible.

Publiceringsår

2004

Språk

Engelska

Sidor

987-1000

Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie

Hydrological Sciences Journal

Volym

49

Issue

6

Dokumenttyp

Artikel i tidskrift

Förlag

Taylor & Francis

Ämne

  • Water Engineering

Nyckelord

  • time domain
  • LNAPL
  • dielectric constant
  • electric conductivity
  • water content
  • reflectometry

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Övrigt

  • ISSN: 0262-6667