Forward scattering of loaded and unloaded antennas

In English Forward scattering of antennas is related to antenna performance via the forward scattering sum rule. The forward scattering sum rule is an integral identity that shows that a weighted integral of the extinction cross section over all spectrum is proportional to the static polarizabiliy of the antenna structure.
Here, the forward scattering sum rule is experimentally verified for loaded, short circuit, and open circuit cylindrical dipole antennas.
It is also shown that the absorption efficiency cannot be greater than 1/2 for reciprocal linearly polarized lossless matched antennas with a symmetric radiation pattern.