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Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers at trace levels in environmental waters using hollow-fiber microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Författare

Summary, in English

In this study, we present a simple and easy-to-use extraction method that is based on a hollow-fiber microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (HF-MMLLE), as an extraction technique, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine a group of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), at trace levels in aqueous samples. The hollow-fiber membrane (HF) filled with organic solvent was immersed into the aqueous sample, spiked with the analytes at ng l(-1) level, and stirred for 60 min. The proposed method could attain enrichment factors (E-e) up to 5200 times, after optimising parameters, such as organic solvent, stirring speed and extraction time, that affect the extraction. The HF-MMLLE-GC-MS method was successfully applied to the extraction of PBDEs from tap, river and leachate water samples with spike recoveries ranging from 85% to 110%. The method validation with reagent and leachate water samples provided good linearity, detection limits of 1.1 ng l(-1) or lower, both in reagent and leachate water, as well as satisfactory precision in terms of repeatability and reproducibility with values of % relative standard deviation (%RSD) lower than 8.6 and 16.9, respectively. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Publiceringsår

2006

Språk

Engelska

Sidor

41-48

Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie

Journal of Chromatography A

Volym

1133

Issue

1-2

Dokumenttyp

Artikel i tidskrift

Förlag

Elsevier

Ämne

  • Analytical Chemistry

Nyckelord

  • environmental waters
  • hollow-fiber microporous membrane
  • liquid-liquid extraction
  • polybrominated diphenyl ethers

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Övrigt

  • ISSN: 0021-9673