Traffic-generated emissions of ultrafine particles from pavement-tire interface
Författare
Summary, in English
In a road simulator study, a significant source of sub-micrometer fine particles produced by the road-tire interface was observed. Since the particle size distribution and source strength is dependent on the type of tire used, it is likely that these particles largely originate from the tires, and not the road pavement. The particles consisted most likely of mineral oils from the softening filler and fragments of the carbon-reinforcing filler material (soot agglomerates). This identification was based on transmission electron microscopy studies of collected ultrafine wear particles and on-line thermal treatment using a thermodesorber. The mean particle number diameters were between 15-50 nm, similar to those found in light duty vehicle (LDV) tail-pipe exhaust. A simple box model approach was used to estimate emission factors in the size interval 15-700 nm. The emission factors increased with increasing vehicle speed, and varied between 3.7 x 10(11) and 3.2 x 10(12) particles vehicle(-1) km(-1) at speeds of 50 and 70 km h(-1). This corresponds to between 0.1-1% of tail-pipe emissions in real-world emission studies at similar speeds from a fleet of LDV with 95% gasoline and 5% diesel-fueled cars. The emission factors for particles originating from the road-tire interface were, however, similar in magnitude to particle number emission factors from liquefied petroleum gas-powered vehicles derived in test bench studies in Australia 2005. Thus the road-tire interface may be a significant contributor to particle emissions from ultraclean vehicles. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publiceringsår
2006
Språk
Engelska
Sidor
1314-1323
Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie
Atmospheric Environment
Volym
40
Issue
7
Länkar
Dokumenttyp
Artikel i tidskrift
Förlag
Elsevier
Ämne
- Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences
Nyckelord
- light duty vehicle
- emission factor
- nanoparticle
- road wear
- size distribution
Status
Published
ISBN/ISSN/Övrigt
- ISSN: 1352-2310