Core-level shifts on the H2O exposed Ge(100)2×1 surface

In English Core-level spectroscopy and valence-band photoelectron spectroscopy were used to study the Ge(100)2×1 surface dosed with 0.5–100 L H2O at 160 K. It is determined that H2O adsorbs molecularly at 160 K and forms ice. The H2O molecules dissociate into H and OH radicals on the Ge(100)2×1 surface when the sample is heated to 300 K. A simple adsorption model that accounts for the calculated H and OH coverages is proposed.