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Bladder cancer, a two phased disease?

In English

Författare

Summary, in English

The processes of intraepithelial migration, intraluminal seeding, and field cancerization as models for initiation, spread, and recurrences of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) are reviewed in light of recent molecular investigations. The accumulated molecular data on synchronous and metachronous tumors indicate that the majority of recurrent and multiple tumors are monoclonal. Molecular data has also shown the presence of chromosomal and genetic changes in precursor lesions as well as in normal urothelial cells. Genetic-histological mapping of cystectomized bladders has shown that overt tumors occur as local events in areas of genetically altered urothelium. A model is put forward in which the tumor process is initiated by genetically altered but histologically normal cells that produce fields of altered cells by intraepithelial displacement. By the accumulation of further genetic changes the fields of altered urothelium reaches a state of criticality, which locally may produce frank tumors.

Publiceringsår

2007

Språk

Engelska

Sidor

225-232

Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie

Seminars in Cancer Biology

Volym

17

Issue

3

Dokumenttyp

Artikel i tidskrift

Förlag

Academic Press

Ämne

  • Cancer and Oncology

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Övrigt

  • ISSN: 1096-3650