Cadmium, mercury and lead in the blood of urban women in Croatia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, China, Ecuador and Morocco
Författare
Summary, in English
The aim of the study was to make an international comparison of blood levels of cadmium (B-Cd), lead (B-Pb) and mercury (B-Hg) of women in seven European, and three non-European cities, and to identify determinants. About 50 women (age: 46-62) from each city were recruited (totally 480) in 2006-2009. Interview and questionnaire data were obtained. Blood samples were analysed in one laboratory to avoid interlaboratory variation. Between the European cities, the B-Pb and B-Cd results vary little (range of geometric means: 13.5-27.0 mu g/l and 0.25-0.65 mu g/l, respectively); the variation of B-Hg was larger (0.40-1.38 mu g/l). Between the non-European cities the results for B-Pb, B-Cd and B-Hg were 19.2-68.0, 0.39-0.99 and 1.01-2.73 mu g/l, respectively. Smoking was a statistically significant determinant for B-Cd, while fish and shellfish intakes contributed to B-Hg and B-Pb, amalgam fillings also contributed to B-Hg. The present results confirm the previous results from children; the exposure to lead and cadmium varies only little between different European cities suggesting that other factors than the living area are more important. The study also confirms the previous findings of higher cadmium and lead levels in some non-European cities. The geographical variation for mercury is significant.
Avdelning/ar
Publiceringsår
2013
Språk
Engelska
Sidor
58-72
Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Volym
26
Issue
1
Dokumenttyp
Artikel i tidskrift
Förlag
De Gruyter
Ämne
- Environmental Health and Occupational Health
Nyckelord
- Cadmium
- Mercury
- Lead
- Blood
- Urban Women
- European cities
- Non-European Cities
Status
Published
ISBN/ISSN/Övrigt
- ISSN: 1896-494X