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Biological monitoring of carbon disulphide and phthalate exposure in the contemporary rubber industry

In English

Författare

Summary, in English

Objectives: We studied the range in urinary levels of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxyl acid (TTCA), a metabolite of CS, and phthalic acid (PA), a common metabolite of phthalates, across factories and departments in the contemporary rubber manufacturing industry. Methods: Spot urine samples from 101 rubber workers employed in nine different factories were collected on Sunday and during the workweek on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday at similar to 4 pm. In total, 386 urine samples were successfully analyzed. Results: Levels of both biomarkers increased significantly by a factor 2 (paired t-test P-value < 0.05) during the working week as compared to the Sunday biomarker levels with absolute increases of approximately 70 mu g/l and 5 mu mol/mol creatinine for PA and TTCA, respectively. Levels in both biomarkers did not differ markedly between working days. Increases seemed to be restricted to specific factories and/or departments (e.g. molding and curing). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that rubber workers in the contemporary rubber industry are exposed to phthalates and low levels Of CS2 (similar to 0.05 ppm) as measured by PA and TTCA, respectively. Exposures to both compounds are largely driven by specific circumstances in Factories. Therefore, when estimating exposures to phthalates and CS2 detailed information should be collected on the type and amount of phthalate containing ester plasticizers, dithlocarbamates and thiurams used. Preferably, personal exposure data should be collected. In this case, biological monitoring seems a reasonable approach. However, in the case of PA attention should be given to individual background levels as this could lead to a substantial overestimation of the Occupational contribution to total phthalate exposure.

Publiceringsår

2005

Språk

Engelska

Sidor

663-669

Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

Volym

78

Issue

8

Dokumenttyp

Artikel i tidskrift

Förlag

Springer

Ämne

  • Environmental Health and Occupational Health

Nyckelord

  • biomonitoring
  • phthalates
  • rubber industry
  • carbon disulphide

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Övrigt

  • ISSN: 1432-1246