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P1PK: the blood group system that changed its name and expanded.

In English

Författare

Summary, in English

The antigens in the P1PK blood group system are carried on glycosphingolipids. The system currently includes three different antigens, P1, Pk, and NOR. The P1 antigen was disovered in 1927 by Landsteiner and Levine, and Pk and NOR were described in 1951 and 1982, respectively. As in the ABO system, naturally occurring antibodies of the immunoglobulin (Ig) M or IgG class, against the missing carbohydrate structures, can be present in the sera of people lacking the corresponding antigen. Anti-P1 is generally a weak and cold-reactive antibody not implicated in hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) or hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn while Pk antibodies can cause HTR, and anti-NOR is regarded as a polyagglutinin. A higher frequency of miscarriage is seen in women with the rare phenotypes p, P1k, and P2k. Furthermore, the Pk and P1 antigens have wide tissue distributions and can act as host receptors for various pathogens and toxins. Why p individuals lack not only Pk and P expression but also P1 has been a longstanding enigma. Recently, it was shown that the same A4GALT-encoded galactosyltransferase synthesizes both the P1 and Pk antigens and that a polymorphism in a new exon in this gene predicts the P1 and P2 phenotypes.

Publiceringsår

2013

Språk

Engelska

Sidor

25-33

Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie

Immunohematology

Volym

29

Issue

1

Dokumenttyp

Artikel i tidskrift

Förlag

American Red Cross

Ämne

  • Hematology

Status

Published

Forskningsgrupp

  • Transfusion Medicine

ISBN/ISSN/Övrigt

  • ISSN: 0894-203X